ʻO ka ʻoihana pākaukau o ʻEulopa: He ʻumi makahiki o ka emi ʻana a me ke ala i ke ola hou ʻana

"Ua hana ʻia ke kaʻa ma ʻEulopa, a ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au e pono ke hoʻololi ʻia ma ʻaneʻi." - ʻO kēia mau ʻōlelo mai Maroš Šefčovič, he kālai'āina Slovak a he Hope Pelekikena o ke Komisina ʻEulopa e kuleana no ka Energy Union, e hōʻike ana i kahi manaʻo nui i ka ʻāina ʻoihana ʻEulopa.

Inā loaʻa i nā ʻanuʻu ʻEulopa ke alakaʻi honua, ʻaʻole kānalua ka inoa o Šefčovič i ka mōʻaukala. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka European Battery Alliance (EBA), e hoʻomaka ana i ka hoʻolaʻa hou ʻana o ka ʻāpana uila mana o ʻEulopa.

I ka makahiki 2017, ma kahi hui ma Brussels e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana pākaukau, ua noi ʻo Šefčovič i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka EBA, kahi neʻe i hōʻuluʻulu i ka ikaika a me ka manaʻo paʻa o ka EU.

"No ke aha i koʻikoʻi ai ka 2017? No ke aha i koʻikoʻi ai ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka EBA no ka EU?" Aia ka pane ma ka ʻōlelo hoʻomaka o kēia ʻatikala: ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ʻEulopa e nalowale i ka mākeke kaʻa "kūpono" hou.

I ka makahiki 2017, ʻo BYD, ʻo Panasonic mai Iapana a me CATL mai Kina - nā hui ʻAsia āpau. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui mai nā mea hana ʻAsia i haʻalele iā ʻEulopa e kū ana i kahi kūlana weliweli i ka ʻoihana pākaukau, me ka mea ʻole e hōʻike iā ia iho.

ʻO ka ʻoihana kaʻa, i hānau ʻia ma ʻEulopa, aia i kahi manawa kahi i hana ʻole ai ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā alanui honua e nā kaʻa i pili ʻole i ʻEulopa.

Ua koʻikoʻi ka pilikia i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai i ka hana paionia o ʻEulopa i ka ʻoihana kaʻa. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike nui ʻia ka ʻāina ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā pihi mana.

ʻO ke kaumaha o ka pilikia

Ma 2008, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka manaʻo o ka ikehu hou, a ma kahi o 2014, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā kaʻa ikehu hou i kā lākou "pahū" mua, ʻaneʻane pau loa ʻo ʻEulopa mai ke kahua.

Ma ka makahiki 2015, ua ʻike ʻia ka noho aliʻi ʻana o nā hui Kina, Iapana, a me Korea i ka mākeke pā uila mana honua. Ma ka makahiki 2016, ua noho kēia mau hui ʻAsia i nā wahi he ʻumi ma ka pae o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana uila mana honua.

Ma ka makahiki 2022, e like me ka ʻoihana noiʻi mākeke o South Korea ʻo SNE Research, ʻeono o ka ʻumi o nā ʻoihana uila mana honua mai Kina, e paʻa ana i ka 60.4% o ka māhele mākeke honua. ʻO LG New Energy, SK On, a me Samsung SDI ka 23.7%, me ka helu ʻehā o Panasonic o Iapana ma 7.3%.

I nā mahina ʻeiwa mua o 2023, ua hoʻomalu ʻia nā ʻoihana hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pā uila honua he ʻumi e Kina, Iapana, a me Korea, me ka ʻike ʻole o nā hui ʻEulopa. ʻO kēia ka mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o ka mākeke uila mana honua i māhele ʻia ma waena o kēia mau ʻāina ʻekolu o Asia.

Pono ʻo ʻEulopa e ʻae i kona lag i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka pākaukau mana a me ka hana ʻana, kahi wahi āna i alakaʻi ai.

Ka Hāʻule mālie Ma hope

ʻO ka hana hou a me nā holomua i ka ʻenehana pākahi lithium i hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia ma nā kulanui o Western a me nā keʻena noiʻi. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ua alakaʻi nā ʻāina o ke Komohana i ka nalu mua o ka noiʻi a me ka hana ʻenehana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou.

ʻO ʻEulopa kekahi o ka poʻe mua i ʻimi i nā kulekele no nā kaʻa ikaika a me nā kaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hoʻolauna ana i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu kalapona automotive ma mua o 1998.

ʻOiai ʻo ia ka poʻokela o nā manaʻo ikehu hou, ua lohi ʻo ʻEulopa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pihi mana, i kēia manawa e hoʻomalu ʻia e Kina, Iapana, a me Korea. Ke kū nei ka nīnau: no ke aha i hāʻule ai ʻo ʻEulopa ma hope o ka ʻoihana pākaukau lithium, ʻoiai ʻo kāna mau ʻenehana a me nā pono waiwai?

Na Manawa Nalo

Ma mua o 2007, ʻaʻole i ʻae nā mea hana kaʻa o Western i ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻoihana kūʻai o nā kaʻa uila lithium-ion. ʻO nā mea hana ʻEulopa, i alakaʻi ʻia e Kelemania, i kālele i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻenekini kuʻuna kūloko kūloko, e like me nā mīkini diesel kūpono a me ka ʻenehana turbocharging.

ʻO kēia hilinaʻi nui ʻana i ke ala kaʻa wahie i alakaʻi ai iā ʻEulopa i ke ala ʻenehana hewa ʻole, ka hopena i kona nele ʻana i ke kahua pākaukau mana.

Makeke a me ka hana hou

Ma ka makahiki 2008, i ka wā i hoʻololi ai ke aupuni US i kāna hoʻolālā kaʻa uila hou mai ka hydrogen a me nā wahie i nā pā lithium-ion, ʻo ka EU, i hoʻohuli ʻia e kēia neʻe, ua ʻike pū i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea pākaukau lithium a me ka hana kelepona. Eia nō naʻe, nui nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka hui pū ʻana ma waena o Germany's Bosch a me South Korea's Samsung SDI, i hāʻule hope loa.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia Hikina e like me Kina, Iapana, a me Korea e hoʻomohala wikiwiki nei i kā lākou ʻoihana pākaukau mana. ʻO Panasonic, no ka laʻana, ua kālele ʻo ia i nā pākahi lithium-ion no nā kaʻa uila mai ka makahiki 1990, e hui pū ana me Tesla a lilo i mea pāʻani nui ma ka mākeke.

ʻO nā pilikia o ʻEulopa i kēia manawa

I kēia lā, ke kū nei ka ʻoihana pākaukau mana o ʻEulopa i nā hemahema, me ka nele o ka lako lako. ʻO nā kānāwai kaiapuni koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāina e pāpā ana i ka hana ʻana i ka lithium, a ua liʻiliʻi nā kumuwaiwai lithium. No laila, lohi ʻo ʻEulopa i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kuleana mining ma waho e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kāna mau hoa ʻĀsia.

Ka Lahui e Hopu

ʻOiai ka mana o nā ʻoihana ʻAsia i ka mākeke pākaukau honua, ke hana nei ʻo ʻEulopa i nā hoʻoikaika ʻana e hoʻōla hou i kāna ʻoihana pākaukau. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka European Battery Alliance (EBA) e hoʻoikaika i ka hana kūloko, a ua hoʻokō ka EU i nā lula hou e kākoʻo i nā mea hana pākaukau home.

ʻO nā mea hana kaʻa kuʻuna i ka Fray

Ke hoʻolilo nui nei nā hui kaʻa ʻEulopa e like me Volkswagen, BMW, a me Mercedes-Benz i ka noiʻi pākaukau a me ka hana ʻana, e hoʻokumu ana i kā lākou mau mea kanu kelepona ponoʻī a me nā hoʻolālā pākaukau.

Ke Alanui Loihi imua

ʻOiai ka holomua ʻana, he lōʻihi ka hele ʻana o ka ʻāpana pā uila mana o ʻEulopa. He hana koʻikoʻi ka ʻoihana a koi i ke kālā nui a me ka hoʻopukapuka ʻenehana. ʻO nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe o ʻEulopa a me ka nele o kahi kaulahao hoʻolako piha he mau pilikia nui.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua kūkulu nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia i kahi hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū i ka hana ʻana i ka pā uila, e pōmaikaʻi ana i ka hoʻopukapuka mua ʻana i ka ʻenehana lithium-ion a me nā kumu hana haʻahaʻa.

Panina

ʻO ka manaʻo o ʻEulopa e hoʻolaʻa hou i kāna ʻoihana pākaukau mana ke kū nei i nā pilikia nui. ʻOiai aia nā hoʻolālā a me nā hoʻopukapuka kālā ma kahi, ʻo ka haki ʻana i ka mana o ka "nui ʻekolu" - Kina, Iapana, a me Korea - i ka mākeke honua he paʻakikī paʻakikī.