He aha nā ʻōhua paʻa paʻa maʻalahi?

Ua hoʻomohala kekahi pūʻulu o nā ʻepekema honua i kahi ʻano pākaukau paʻa paʻa hou e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka laulā o nā kaʻa uila a pale i ke ahi ma nā kamepiula a me nā smartphones. Hōʻike nā mea kākau i kā lākou ʻike ma Advanced Energy Materials. Ma ka ho'ololi 'ana i ka wai electrolytes i ho'ohana 'ia i loko o ka 'ano pa'a, 'o ia ka mea hiki ke hana i ka 'oi aku ka maika'i a me ka 'oi aku ka palekana no ka ho'ohana 'ana. Manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi e hiki i kēia mau pōmaikaʻi ke wehe i ke ala no ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōhua ʻōmaʻomaʻo no nā ʻano mea like ʻole me nā kaʻa uila.

ʻO nā mea kākau o ka noiʻi, mai ka US a me UK, ke ʻimi nei i nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā electrolytes wai i loko o nā pākahi lithium ion no kekahi manawa. I ka makahiki 2016 ua hoʻolaha lākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pākaukau paʻa i hiki ke hana i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pālua o ka volta o nā cell lithium ion maʻamau, akā me ka hana like.

ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou hoʻolālā hou e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻomaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o kēia mana mua, ua ʻike ka mea noiʻi ʻo Professor Donald Sadoway mai MIT he wahi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana: "He mea paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o ka conductivity ionic kiʻekiʻe i nā mea ceramic i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe," wehewehe ʻo ia. "He mea holomua kēia." Manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kēia mau pākaukau i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e kūpono i nā kaʻa uila a i ʻole nā ​​mokulele mokulele.

Ma ka moku'āina pa'a, 'a'ole 'ia ka poino ma muli o ka wela nui ma ka ho'ohana 'ana i nā electrolytes seramika ma mua o nā mea wai. Inā pōʻino ka pākaukau a hoʻomaka i ka wela i nā chars electrolyte ceramic ma mua o ka hoʻā ʻana, ka mea e pale ai i ke ahi. ʻO nā pores i loko o ke ʻano o kēia mau mea paʻa e hiki ai iā lākou ke lawe i kahi haʻahaʻa ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoili uila me nā ion e neʻe ana ma kahi pūnaewele lōʻihi i loko o ka paʻa.

ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ka manaʻo ua hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka volta a me ka capacitance o kā lākou mau pihi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea i loaʻa nā electrolytes wai hiki ke ahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, wahi a Professor Sadoway: "Ua hōʻike mākou i kahi cell lithium-air me 12 volts e hana ana ma 90 degere C [194 ° F]. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa."

He mau pono ʻē aʻe kēia hoʻolālā pākaukau hou ma mua o nā electrolytes flammable, me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā electrolytes ceramic ma mua o nā mea kūlohelohe. "ʻO ka mea kupaianaha ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana," wahi a Polofesa Sadoway. "Ua loaʻa iā mākou ka ikehu hou aʻe mai loko mai o kēia keena ma mua o kā mākou i hoʻokomo ai i loko."

Hiki i kēia kūpaʻa ke ʻae i nā mea hana e hoʻokomo i nā helu he nui o nā kelepona paʻa i loko o nā kamepiula a i ʻole nā ​​​​kaʻa uila me ka hopohopo ʻole no ka wela nui ʻana, e hoʻonui i ka palekana a hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola hana. I kēia manawa, inā ʻoi aku ka wela o kēia mau ʻano pākaukau e holo lākou i ka hopena o ke ahi - e like me ka mea i hana ʻia me ke kelepona Samsung Galaxy Note 7. ʻAʻole hiki ke pāhola ka lapalapa ʻana no ka mea ʻaʻohe ea i loko o nā keena e hoʻomau i ka puhi ʻana; ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pālahalaha aku ma waho o ke kahua o ka pōʻino mua.

ʻO kēia mau mea paʻa hoʻi he lōʻihi loa; ʻokoʻa, ʻo kekahi mau hoʻāʻo e hana i nā ʻōhua lithium ion me nā electrolytes wai flammable, e hana ana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (ma luna o 100 ° C) mau i ke ahi ma hope o 500 a i ʻole 600 mau pōʻai. Hiki i nā electrolytes seramika ke kūpaʻa ma mua o 7500 mau manawa hoʻoiho / hoʻokuʻu me ka ʻole o ke ahi.

Hiki i nā ʻike hou ke lilo i mea nui no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka laulā o nā EV a me ka pale ʻana i nā ahi kelepona. Wahi a Sadoway: "Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe kahiko o nā ʻenekini nā ʻakika hoʻomaka. e pau ana ke ahi."

ʻO nā pākahi lithium ion o kēia lā, wehewehe ʻo ia, he piʻi aʻe mai kēia. "He lōʻihi ko lākou ākea akā hiki ke hōʻino ʻia e ka wela nui a me ka hopu ʻana i ke ahi," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia me ka hoʻohui ʻana he hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pākaukau paʻa paʻa hou he "holomua koʻikoʻi" no ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi i nā mea hilinaʻi ʻoi aku ka palekana.

Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema ma MIT hiki i kēia ʻenehana ke lilo i ʻelima mau makahiki e hoʻohana nui ʻia akā ʻoiai i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana ke manaʻo nei lākou e ʻike i kēia mau ʻano pākaukau i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā smartphones mai nā mea hana nui e like me Samsung a i ʻole Apple. Ua ʻike pū lākou he nui nā hoʻohana pāʻoihana no kēia mau kelepona ma waho aʻe o nā kelepona, me nā laptops a me nā kaʻa uila.

Akā naʻe, ʻōlelo ʻo Polofesa Sadoway aia kekahi ala e hele ai ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka ʻenehana. "Ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi kelepona maikaʻi loa ke nānā aku akā he mau lā mua loa ia ... ʻAʻole mākou e hana i nā kelepona me nā electrodes nui a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe."

Manaʻo ʻo Sadoway e hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia holomua no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau wale i nā EV me ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka laulā akā hiki ke pale aku i nā ahi kelepona. ʻOi aku paha ka pīhoihoi i kāna wānana e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenekini paʻa i ke ao holoʻokoʻa ma lalo o ʻelima mau makahiki i ka manawa i maopopo ai ka hapa nui o nā mea hana i ko lākou palekana a me ka hilinaʻi.