ʻO nā pūnaewele lā ʻeleʻele loa?

ʻO nā pūnaewele lā ʻeleʻele loa?

Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā cell solar ultra-thin: 2D perovskite compounds nā mea kūpono e hoʻokūkū i nā huahana nui.

Ua loaʻa i nā ʻenekinia ma ke Kulanui ʻo Rice nā paena hou i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā cell solar thin atomic-scale i hana ʻia me semiconductor perovskites, e hoʻonui ana i ko lākou pono me ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou hiki ke kū i ke kaiapuni.

Ua ʻike ka hale hana ʻo Aditya Mohite o ke kula ʻo George R Brown School of Engineering o Rice University i ka emi ʻana o ka lā ma waena o nā ʻāpana atomic i kahi perovskite ʻelua-dimensional, lawa e hoʻonui i ka pono photovoltaic o ka mea e like me ka 18%, ʻo ia ka holomua pinepine. . Ua loaʻa kahi lele maikaʻi ma ke kula a ana ʻia i nā pākēneka.

"I loko o 10 mau makahiki, ua piʻi ka pono o ka perovskite mai kahi o 3% a ʻoi aku ma mua o 25%," wahi a Mohite. "E lawe ʻia nā semiconductors ʻē aʻe ma kahi o 60 mau makahiki e hoʻokō ai. ʻO ia ke kumu i hauʻoli nui ai mākou. "

ʻO Perovskite kahi hui me kahi lattice cubic a he ʻohi kukui maikaʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia ko lākou hiki no nā makahiki he nui, akā he pilikia lākou: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ka lā i ka ikehu, akā hiki i ka lā a me ka maʻa ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā lākou.

"Ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka ʻenehana ʻenehana solar i ka 20 a 25 mau makahiki," wahi a Mohite, ke kaukaʻi pili o ka ʻenekinia a me ka biomolecular ʻenekinia a me nā mea ʻepekema a me ka nanoengineering. "Ke hana nei mākou no nā makahiki he nui a hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā perovskites nui i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi akā ʻaʻole paʻa.

"ʻO ka pilikia nui loa, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana iā lākou me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana."
ʻO ka Rice engineers a me kā lākou mau hoa hana mai ke Kulanui ʻo Purdue a me Northwestern University, Los Alamos, Argonne a me Brookhaven o ka US Department of Energy National Laboratory, a me ka Institute of Electronics and Digital Technology (INSA) ma Rennes, Farani, a ua ʻike kā lākou mau hoa hana i In ʻO kekahi mau perovskite ʻelua-dimensional, hoʻemi pono ka lā i ka hakahaka ma waena o nā mana, e hoʻonui ana i ko lākou hiki ke lawe i ke au uila.

"Ua ʻike mākou i ka wā e hoʻā ai ʻoe i ka mea, ʻomi ʻoe e like me ka sponge a hōʻiliʻili i nā papa e hoʻonui i ka hoʻoili ʻana i kēlā ʻaoʻao," wahi a Mocht. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻo ka waiho ʻana i kahi papa o nā cations organik ma waena o ka iodide ma luna a me ke alakaʻi ma lalo hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilina ma waena o nā papa.

"He mea koʻikoʻi kēia hana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mokuʻāina hauʻoli a me nā quasiparticles, kahi o kahi papa o ka uku maikaʻi ma luna o kekahi, a ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ma kekahi, a hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi," wahi a Mocht. "Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau excitons, a he mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa paha kā lākou.

"ʻO kēia hopena e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo a hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilina māmā me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i nā heterostructure paʻakikī e like me ka stacked 2D transition metal dichalcogenides," wahi āna.

Ua hōʻoia nā hoa hana ma Farani i ka hoʻokolohua me kahi hiʻohiʻona kamepiula. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jacky Even, Professor of Physics ma INSA: "Ke hāʻawi nei kēia noiʻi i kahi manawa kūʻokoʻa e hoʻohui i ka ʻenehana simulation ab initio kiʻekiʻe loa, ka noiʻi waiwai e hoʻohana ana i nā keʻena synchrotron aupuni nui, a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā pūnaewele solar i ka hana. ." "Ke wehewehe nei kēia pepa no ka manawa mua i ka hoʻokuʻu koke ʻana o ka mea seepage i ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka manawa i ka mea perovskite."

Hōʻike nā hopena ʻelua ma hope o 10 mau minuke o ka ʻike ʻana i ka simulator solar i ka ikaika o ka lā, e emi ana ka perovskite ʻelua-dimensional e 0.4% ma kona lōʻihi a ma kahi o 1% mai luna a lalo. Ua hōʻoia lākou e ʻike ʻia ka hopena i loko o 1 mau minuke ma lalo o ʻelima mau lā.

"ʻAʻole like ia me ka nui, akā ʻo ka 1% shrinkage o ka lattice spacing e hoʻonui nui i ka kahe electron," wahi a Li Wenbin, he haumāna puka ma Rice a me ka mea kākau alakaʻi. "Ke hōʻike nei kā mākou noiʻi ʻana ua piʻi ʻekolu ka hoʻokele uila o ka mea."

I ka manawa like, ʻo ke ʻano o ka lattice crystal e pale i ka waiwai i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, ʻoiai ke wela a 80 degere Celsius (176 degere Fahrenheit). Ua ʻike pū nā mea noiʻi e hoʻomaha koke ka lattice i kāna hoʻonohonoho maʻamau i ka wā e pio ai nā kukui.

"ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o 2D perovskites ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻātoma organik e like me nā pale haʻahaʻa, paʻa thermally, a hoʻonā i nā pilikia neʻe ion," wahi a ka haumāna puka kula a me ke alakaʻi kumu ʻo Siraj Sidhik. "Ua maʻalahi nā perovskites 3D i ka wela a me ka māmā, no laila ua hoʻomaka nā mea noiʻi e kau i nā papa 2D ma luna o nā perovskites nui e ʻike inā hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā mea ʻelua.

"Ke manaʻo nei mākou, e hoʻololi wale mākou i ka 2D a hana maikaʻi," wahi āna.

No ka nānā ʻana i ka emi ʻana o ka mea, ua hoʻohana ka hui i ʻelua mau mea hoʻohana o ka US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science: ka National Synchrotron Light Source II o ka Brookhaven National Laboratory o ka US Department of Energy and the Advanced State Laboratory of ka US Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory. Mea Hana Kiʻi Photon (APS).

Hoʻohana ʻo Argonne physicist ʻo Joe Strzalka, ka mea kākau pū me ka pepa, i nā kukui X ultra-bright o APS no ka hopu ʻana i nā loli liʻiliʻi o nā mea i ka manawa maoli. ʻO ka mea hana koʻikoʻi ma ka 8-ID-E o ka APS beamline hiki ke hana i nā haʻawina "hana", ʻo ia hoʻi nā haʻawina i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻololi ʻia ai nā mea hana i ka mahana a i ʻole ka honua ma lalo o nā kūlana hana maʻamau. I kēia hihia, ua hōʻike ʻo Strzalka a me kāna mau hoa hana i nā mea photosensitive i loko o ka cell solar i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka lā me ka mālama mau ʻana i ka mahana a nānā i nā ʻoki liʻiliʻi ma ka pae atomic.

Ma ke ʻano he hoʻokolohua hoʻomalu, mālama ʻo Strzalka a me kāna mau hoa kākau i ka pōʻeleʻele o ka lumi, hoʻonui i ka mahana, a nānā i ka hopena ʻē aʻe - ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea. Hōʻike kēia ʻo ke kukui ponoʻī, ʻaʻole ka wela i hana ʻia, i hoʻololi i ka hoʻololi.

"No kēlā mau hoʻololi, he mea nui e hana i ka noiʻi hana," wahi a Strzalka. "E like me ka makemake o kāu mīkini e holo i kāu ʻenekini e ʻike i nā mea e hana nei i loko, makemake mākou e lawe i kahi wikiō o kēia hoʻololi ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi kiʻi.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Strzalka e hoʻonui nui ana ʻo APS e hoʻonui i ka mālamalama o kāna mau kukui X a hiki i 500 mau manawa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ke hoʻopau ʻia, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā kukuna a me ka wikiwiki, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o nā mea ʻike maka e hoʻonui i ka hiki o nā ʻepekema ke ʻike i kēia mau loli me ka ʻoi aku ka naʻau.

Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka hui Rice e hoʻoponopono i nā mea no ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. "Ke hoʻolālā nei mākou i nā cations a me nā pilina e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 20%," wahi a Sidhik. "E hoʻololi kēia i nā mea a pau i loko o ke kahua perovskite no ka mea a laila e hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻohana i ka 2D perovskite no 2D perovskite / silicon a me 2D / 3D perovskite moʻo, hiki ke lawe i ka pono kokoke i 30%. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻohiwahiwa ai i kāna kālepa."