ʻO John Goodenough: ʻO ka Nobel Laureate a me ka Paionia o ka ʻenehana Battery Lithium

ʻO John Goodenough, ka mea i loaʻa i ka Nobel Prize ma ka makahiki 97, he hōʻike ia i ka huaʻōlelo "Goodenough" - ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o ka "maikaʻi" wale nō i ka hana ʻana i kona ola a me kona hopena kanaka.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Goodenough ma Iulai 25, 1922, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli mau o ka hemo ʻana ma waena o kona mau mākua a me kahi kaikuaʻana e hopohopo nei i kona ola ponoʻī i alakaʻi iā Goodenough i ka ʻimi pinepine ʻana i ka ʻoluʻolu me kahi mehameha, me kāna ʻīlio wale nō ʻo Mack, no ka hui. Ke hakakā nei me ka dyslexia, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kāna hana hoʻonaʻauao. Eia naʻe, ʻo kona aloha i ke ʻano, ulu aʻe i ka wā o kona auwana ʻana i ka ululāʻau, ka hopu ʻana i nā pepeke a me nā groundhogs, hānai i ka makemake e ʻimi a hoʻomaopopo i nā mea pohihihi o ke ao kūlohelohe.

Ma muli o ke aloha makuahine a me ke alo ʻana i ka hemo ʻana o kona mau mākua i kāna mau makahiki kula kiʻekiʻe koʻikoʻi, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Goodenough e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻoihana. ʻOiai ʻo ka paʻakikī kālā a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hana hapa manawa e uku ai i kāna haʻawina ma ke Kulanui ʻo Yale, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna mau makahiki haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike maopopo ʻia.

Ua loli ke ola o Goodenough i kona lawelawe ʻana ma ka US Air Force i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, a ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana e alualu i kāna moeʻuhane i ka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui o Chicago. ʻOiai ka manaʻo kānalua mua mai kāna mau polopeka ma muli o kona mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ʻo Goodenough. ʻO kāna mau kauka kauka i ka physics ma Chicago University a ma hope o 24 mau makahiki ma ka MIT's Lincoln Laboratory, kahi i ʻimi ai ʻo ia i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lithium-ion i nā solids a me ka noiʻi kumu i nā ceramics solid-state, ua hoʻokumu i ke kumu no kāna mau hana e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ia ka pilikia aila o 1973 i hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o Goodenough i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu. I ka makahiki 1976, ma waena o nā hōʻemi kālā, ua neʻe ʻo ia i ke Kulanui o Oxford's Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, e hōʻailona ana i kahi huli nui o kāna ʻoihana i ka makahiki 54. Ma ʻaneʻi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma nā pā lithium.

ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana a Goodenough i ka hopena o 1970s, kahi manawa i kaulana ai nā huahana uila. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi pākahi lithium hou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lithium cobalt oxide a me ka graphite, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana, a ʻoi aku ka palekana ma mua o nā mana o mua. Ua hoʻololi kēia mea hana i ka ʻenehana pākahi lithium-ion, e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palekana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i loaʻa kālā mai kēia ʻoihana kālā he nui-biliona.

I ka makahiki 1986, e hoʻi ana i ka US, ua hoʻomau ʻo Goodenough i kāna noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Texas ma Austin. I ka makahiki 1997, ma 75, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka lithium iron phosphate, kahi mea cathode ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a palekana hoʻi, e holomua ana i ka ʻenehana uila uila. ʻOiai i ka makahiki 90, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i kāna manaʻo i nā ʻoihana paʻa paʻa, e hōʻike ana i ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hahai ʻana.

I ka makahiki 97, i ka wā i loaʻa ai iā ia ka Nobel Prize, ʻaʻole ia ka hopena no Goodenough. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia i ka hana, me ka manaʻo e hoʻomohala i kahi pākahi super no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu lā a me ka makani. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i kahi honua manuahi ʻole o ka hoʻokuʻu kaʻa, kahi moe āna i manaʻo ai e ʻike i kona wā e ola ana.

ʻO ka huakaʻi ola a John Goodenough, i hōʻailona ʻia e ke aʻo mau ʻana a me ka lanakila ʻana i nā pilikia, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole i lohi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hanohano. Ke hoʻomau nei kāna moʻolelo i kona ʻimi mau ʻana i ka ʻike a me ka hana hou.